Maharashtra Board Class 12 Biology Important Questions 2027 (Repeated in Board Exams)
30 question patterns that appeared in two or more of the analysed papers (6 past board papers (2023–2026)). The numbers change; the question does not.
Reproduction in Lower and Higher Plants
1. Endosperm and its types
2×Board 2025Board 20264 marks
Explain nuclear and helobial type of endosperm with suitable examples.
2. Meiotic divisions calculation
2×Board 2024Board 20261 marks
How many meiotic divisions are required to produce 80 male gametes in Angiosperms?
3. Define reproduction terms (apomixis, polyembryony, parthenocarpy)
2×Board 2024Board 20263/4 marks
Define : (a) Siphonogamy (b) Parthenocarpy (c) Polyembryony
4. Significance of double fertilisation
2×Board 2023Board 20242/3 marks
What are the significances of double fertilization?
Reproduction in Lower and Higher Animals
5. Graafian follicle diagram
2×Board 2025Board 20262/3 marks
Sketch and label the Graafian follicle showing theca externa, antrum and corona radiata.
6. Structure of human sperm
2×Board 2025Board 20264 marks
With the help of labelled diagram describe the structure of human sperm.
Inheritance and Variation
7. Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
2×Board 2024Board 20252/3 marks
Mention any six symptoms of disorder caused by trisomy of 21st chromosome.
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
8. Processing of hnRNA to mRNA
2×Board 2024Board 20253/4 marks
Describe the transcription and processing of hnRNA to mRNA in Eukaryotes.
Origin and Evolution of Life
9. Archaeopteryx as connecting link
2×Board 2023Board 20263 marks
Write any three characters each of Archaeopteryx showing Reptilian and Avian features.
Plant Water Relation
10. Root hair structure diagram
3×Board 2023Board 2025Board 20262/3 marks
With the help of a labelled diagram, describe the structure of root-hair.
11. Radial and tangential translocation
2×Board 2024Board 20261/2 marks
When food is translocated from phloem to pith, it is called _____ translocation. (a) radial (b) tangential (c) upward (d) downward
12. Mechanism of stomatal opening and closing
2×Board 2024Board 20263/4 marks
What is transpiration? Explain stomatal opening and closing mechanism with reference to starch-sugar interconversion theory.
13. Factors affecting water absorption
2×Board 2024Board 20262 marks
Mention any four factors affecting water absorption.
14. Imbibition
2×Board 2023Board 20251/2 marks
Name the process in which swelling of hydrophilic colloids occur due to adsorption of water.
Plant Growth and Mineral Nutrition
15. Deficiency symptoms of mineral elements
2×Board 2025Board 20263 marks
(a) Enlist any four mineral deficiency symptoms seen in plants. (b) Give the function of molybdenum as mineral nutrient.
Respiration and Circulation
16. Inspiration vs expiration
3×Board 2024Board 2025Board 20262/3/4 marks
Differentiate between inspiration and expiration during breathing process.
17. Valves of the human heart
2×Board 2025Board 20263/4 marks
Give location and function of any four valves present in human heart.
18. Respiratory organs/surfaces of organisms
2×Board 2024Board 20262/3 marks
Match the respiratory surface to the organism in which it is found : Organisms: (1) Limulus (2) Protists (3) Tadpoles of frog (4) Fishes (5) Reptiles (6) Spiders. Respiratory surface/organs: (a) Lungs (b) Internal gills (c) Book lungs (d) External gills (e) Plasma membrane (f) Book gills (g) Cloaca.
19. Identify respiratory disorders from symptoms
2×Board 2024Board 20252 marks
Identify the disorders showing following symptoms : (a) Constriction of bronchioles, mucus build up in bronchioles, periodic wheezing, difficulty in breathing. (b) Inflammation of sinuses and mucous discharge.
Control and Coordination
20. Names and types of specified cranial nerves
2×Board 2024Board 20262/3 marks
Enlist the names of VI, VII, VIII and IX cranial nerves.
Human Health and Diseases
21. Typhoid - causative agent and details
2×Board 2024Board 20261/2 marks
Name the causative agent of typhoid.
Enhancement in Food Production
22. Composition and benefits of biogas
2×Board 2023Board 20263 marks
(a) Give the composition of biogas. (b) Enlist the benefits of biogas.
Biotechnology
23. Recombinant human proteins used to treat diseases
3×Board 2023Board 2025Board 20262/3 marks
Match the following from Column-A and Column-B. Write the correct pairs. Column A: (i) Anaemia (ii) Atherosclerosis (iii) Parturition (iv) Blood clots (v) Cancer (vi) Diabetes. Column B: (1) Platelet derived growth factor (2) Relaxin (3) Insulin (4) Erythropoietin (5) Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) (6) Interferons, tumour necrosis factor interleukins.
24. Steps of DNA fingerprinting/profiling
2×Board 2024Board 20262/4 marks
(a) What is DNA profiling? (b) Arrange the following steps of DNA profiling in correct sequence: (i) Selection of DNA probe (ii) Isolation of DNA (iii) Gel electrophoresis (iv) Hybridization (v) Southern blotting (vi) Restriction digestion
25. Uses of gene therapy
2×Board 2024Board 20252 marks
Enlist any four uses of gene therapy.
26. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
2×Board 2023Board 20243/4 marks
Explain different steps involved in PCR technique.
Organisms and Populations
27. Phases of population growth curve
2×Board 2023Board 20241 marks
[figure of population growth curve] Choose the correct name of phases A, B and C in the given figure : (a) Stationary, Log, Lag (b) Log, Lag, Stationary (c) Log, Stationary, Lag (d) Lag, Log, Stationary
Ecosystems and Energy Flow
28. Steps of decomposition
3×Board 2024Board 2025Board 20263 marks
Explain leaching, humification and mineralization as the steps of decomposition process.
Biodiversity, Conservation and Environmental Issues
29. Species-area relationship graph
2×Board 2024Board 20251 marks
Identify 'A' from the graph given below showing species area relationship : [species-area relationship graph]
30. Rivet Popper Hypothesis
2×Board 2023Board 20241 marks
Rivet Popper Hypothesis explains (a) loss of biodiversity (b) biomagnification (c) species area relationship (d) significance of diversity